Space telegraphy.



PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

W. S. HOGG.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED 110V. 26, 1904.

d D lnucnfoz A490, {Z a lvitweoou thereon.

PATENT @FFICE.

WlLLlAlti S. HOGG, OF WASHlNGTON, DlS'litlU'i OFCQLUMBIA,.ASSIGNOR TO-OYERLAND I /KARTNE TELEGRAPH COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y,

A CORPOR 'i".-....li OF NEW YORK.

si nna TELEGRAPHY.

No. scenes.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented EJ155128. 19cc.

Application filed llovembiar 26, 1904. Serial No. 234,396.

useful improvements in Space Telegraphy; and i do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact-description of the same,

reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specifics tion, and to the letters of reference marked This invention relates to space telegraphy or the method of transmitting intelligence from one station to another b waves of energy transmitted "through tie natural media Without the use of artificial conductors connecting .the stations.

The objects of the invention are to prevent interference from outside sources; to provide a call at the receiving station capable of use in connection with a telephonic receiver; to provide for the attuning of the apparatus and to provide an improved medium sensitive to the waves ol -energy arriving at the receiving-station. l

The iiivention consists first in a system attuned to respond to waves of the character y it is desired to receive and also tuned to waves of character other than those itis de-- sired to receive, with rneans whereby the latterwill not cause the receiver to respond and as a consequence the intelligence made manifest will correspond cnly to that transter.

mitted by the waves of the selected .charac- The invention furth consists in a sys tern having a medium s r We to the waves of energy transmitted ou h the natural media, combined with local circuit including a telephonic or o r receiver and having lunt including a call a fi h-resistance o1 a galvanometer, s1-

usually in the for phon-recorder relay, or the like.

Finally the invention consists in certain. novel arrangements of the circuits and instru mentalities, whereby attuning is facilitated, the calls and signals inadedistinct and positive and sensitivensss and-steadiness secured all as willibe hereinafter described,

and pointed out particularly in the appended claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of a receivthe aerial.

ing-station embodying the present improve-- Inents. Figs. 2 and 3 are similar views showing slightly-modified arrangements for preventing interference. Fig. is a sectional view or the preferred form of polariza tion-cell employed. in, the present s stern. Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the cell of sensitive material.

Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate like parts.

The aerial winch may be of any usual or referred construction is mdicated by the etter A, grounded at A through a condenser :3. Two inductance or tuning coils 6 8,

preferably performed by zizzag resistance conductors, are employed in connection with ground is made through the adjustable connecticn a of the tuning-coil. The other tun ing-coil lettered G is connected with the aerial throu h a condenser D and preferably at a series oi points, thus as indicated in Fig. 1 the conductor of the aerial is bent into zig zag form at A and a collector-plate 0 serves to'take ofi. the potential at each point, the arrangement, however, be and under some circumstances preferablyis as shown in Fig. 2 where the aerial is provided with a series of widely-separated connections 0 That lettered (Eis preferably in 4 direct connection with the. serial and the each of which may have a condenser a there-- in as shown.-

The' sensitlve medium or coherer lndicated at E is located in a local circult to be presently described and connections between opposite sides of the coherer and aerial are established through adjustableconnections with the respective tuning-coils and an additional or primary connection is made with one side through a second adjustable connection with one of said coils whereby through the first-1nentioned connections both sides of the coherer may be connected to receive simultaneously waves of a certain character but to which itwill not respond, presumably because the waves neutralize each other. The other connection however provides a path for the waves tion F extends to the ground connection see with of the character it is desired to 1- bated I lug. a,

receive. interference is manifest or develops, thaconnections f f are adjusted to attune the circuit-bridging or short-circuiting 'V coherer'to the interfering Waves when it l the latter Waves will have no at on. if erer as the changes in potentim due n will be the same on both hcrer, especially if the coherer be constructed and arranged in a local cirsuit as will be now described.

lllhe material. of the coherer is of such char- *r as to decohcre Without the use of a tap and, preferably is formed of a comminused seliuite of copper and nickel indi- T 1e proportions of the ingredients should be such as to form a uni form chemical combination or atleast a surfacing of the particles. In practice I have used one part Oil an alloy of nickel and copper (an ordinary niclrel coin) comminuted and mixed with five to ten per cent. by volume ot' selenium and heated. The ingrcdicuts combine with much heat forming a selinid of copper and nickel. It is then ground up or conuuinuted and is ready for use but in. use is preferably mixed with an elastic material such as fine particles of soft rubber which it is found increases the range of adjustment and prevents caking. Obviously the sensitive material may be combined with other metal ingredients, such as mercury Without departing from the invention, although advantages might accrue from the addi tion The local circuit in which the cohercr is included also includes a telephonic receiver K, a Resistance ii. battery 15?, choke-coil K and a polarization-dell K. I n "addition, the said circuit has a shunt formed by a conductor L, said shunt including relatively high resistance L and call device, such, for instance, as a galv'anoiueter, a siphon-recorder if, a relay or other device of likecharacter.

'lhe polarization-coll K" is preferably formed as shown dicgrammatical-ly in Fig. 4 by two lead electrodes If partially immersed in a sulfuric-acid solution; The electrodes are preferably of fine wire or wire of just sufi icicut size to prevent material corrosion by the current. The cell. with lead electrodes, it is found, acts a in :or c the current through the telephone anu causes the co herer to decohere promptly an oil'ect which is not easily obtained and which does not seem to follow Where a polarizaticmcell having platinum electrodes is employed.

Obviously the arrangement of the tuningcircuitsmay be varied considerabl from the arrangements shown in Figs, 1 an i 2 Without departing from the invention and in Fig. 3 a variation is shown wherein the two tuningcircuits are connected With the aerial at diffcrent points, indicated at M and M, condenscrs m m of course being interposed to prevent short-circuiting of the local circuit of the receiver.

In operation. a small proportion only of the current from the local battery passes through the shunt and call. Variation in the mam local circuit will cause a fluctuation of relatively Wide range in the sensitive call located in the shunt and give indications to the at tendant who'will then take the messa e by means of the tclephone-receiver as usua- The call might be used also to take the message especially if it be a siphon-re- "cordcr but if it has a sluggish action the speed would be limited. Obviously both ma oe used and constitute acheck upon eac 1 other. y

I do not Wish to confine the invention to application is based upon the results of practical demonstration, thus While non-interference may be due to a neutralization of the interfering Waves in the coherer, it may on the other hand be due to the provision of an attuned path to ground or to a combination of the ltwo. So too in the local circuit the resistance in the main and shunt, circuits preferably bear the proportion of one hundred to ten thousand ohms but it isobvious that these proportions may be Widely departed from and the proportionate resistances may be secured by the instruments such as the call, telephonic receiver, coherer, &c., with out the use of special resistance-coils although the latter are preferably employed owing to the facility of adjustment to vary the relation between the main and shunt circuits.

Having thus dcscribednny invention, What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In space telegraphy, a receiving-station system embodying an aerial, a local circuit including" a battery and material sensitive to Waves of energy received through the aerial and two circuits connected with the aerial, one attuned to the Waves to Which the sensitive material is to respond and the other at tuned to interfering Waves; substantially as described.

system embodying a sensitive material, an aerial, an attuncclcircuit ccnnectionfirom the any particular theory of operation as the 2. In space telcgraphy, a receiving-stationsears? aeriaito each side of the sensitive material,

and a second attuned circuit connection from 3. In space telegraphy, receiving-station system embodyinqa grounded ae *ial, a sensitive material in a local receivencircuit, separate attuned circuit connections from the aerial to opposite sides of the sensitive mate- IO rial, and a second attuned circuit connection from the aerial through said sensitive material to ground. y

i 4. In space telcgrapliy a receiving-station system embodying a grounded aerial, a sensitive' material in a local receiver-circuit, two

tuning-coils connected with the aerial and connected respectively with opposite sides of the sensitive material, an adj ustablo connection between one of said coils and one side of said sensitive material and a -round connection the opposite side 0% said sensitive material 1 5. In space telegraphy ageceiving-station system embodying an aerial, two tuning-coils connected therewith a sensitive material in a local receiver-circuit and included in circuit connections between said tuning-coilsiand a ground connection with one of said coils; substantially as described.

6. In space telegraphy, a receiving-station system embodying an aerial, a sensitive material in a local circuit, separate attuned circuit connections leading from the serial to opposite sides of the sensitive material, a second 35, attuned circuit connection leading to one side of said sensitive i'naterial and a ground connection with the opposite side of said sensitive material.

7-. The described improvement in space 4 telegraphy to prevent interference from outside sources, which consists in asensitive Inaterial'and circuit connections on both sides of the sensitive; material attuned to accord with the. interfering waves, the circuit connections on one side of said sensitire rial being also attuned to accord with the Waves it IS desired to I'QCGiYG.

8. in space telegraphy, a receiving-station embodying local circuit including a cchcrcr,

telephonereceiver and battery, a highresistance shunt around, the battery including a call device] 1 9. In space telegraphy, a receiving-station embodying a local circuit including a sensi tive material formed of a coinrninuted selidid of a metal, a receiver, battery and polarization-cell 10. In space telegraphy, a rsceivingstation. embodyiin a local circuit including a coherer, receiver, battery and polarization cell formed of electrodes having'lead as a base immersed in an acidsoluticn.

ii. In space telegraphy a receivin station embodying a local circuit including a scnsitive material to mod of a cornminutcd selinid ofa metal, a receiver, battery and a po larization-cell formed of lead electrodes immerscd in an aci solution.

12. A receiving system for space tele graphy embodying a local circuit including a coherer, telephone-receiver, polarization-cell, resistance-coil and battery and a high-resist ance shunt around the battery and. resistancecoil and including a call.

13. In Wireless telegra ihy a receiving-station embodying an aerial, coherer, attuned circuit connections from the aerial. to opposite sides' of the coherer, an attuned circuit connection from the aerial to one side of the cohcrer, a local circuit including said coherer,

a telephoneereceiver, polarization-cell and- .battery and a shunt from said local circuit including a call.

WILLIAM S. HOGG.

W itn esses ALEXANDER S. STEWART, THOMAS Duroin'r; 

